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International "Full and Open" Policies
(1997)
- World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Executive Council
Resolution, Adopted November 1990
". . . requests members to reaffirm their commitment to the `free
and unrestricted international exchange of basic meteorological data
and products' among national meteorological services."
- Scientific and Technical Statement of the Second World Climate
Conference (SWCC), Adopted November 1990
"Data should be available at no more than the cost of
reproduction and distribution. A full and open exchange of global and
other data sets needed for climate related studies is
required."
- International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP), ICSU Report
No. 12, November 1990
"Data should be provided at the lowest possible cost which, as a
first principle, should be no more than the cost of reproduction and
distribution."
- Committee on Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS), Terms of
Reference Amendment, adopted November 1990
". . . provide non-discriminatory and full access to data which
will be made available to the international community."
- Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD),
Ministerial Communique, Adopted January 1991
". . . promote a full and open exchange of environmental data and
information."
- Agreement Establishing the Inter-American Institute for Global
Change Research, May 1992
". . . promote the full, open, and efficient exchange of data and
information"
- Agenda 21, UN Conference on the Environment and Development
(UNCED), June 1992
"This requires full an open sharing of data and information among
scientists and decision makers."
- Framework Convention on Climate Change, June 1992
". . . promote and cooperate in the full, open, and prompt
exchange of relevant scientific, technological, technical,
socio-economic and legal information related to climate change, and to
the economic and social consequences of various strategies."
- Committee on Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS) Resolution,
December 1992
". . . non-discriminatory access to satellite data by all users
for global change/climate and environmental research and monitoring is
essential."
". . . programs should have no exclusive use period."
- Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) policy on data access,
January 1993
". . . ensuring the unrestricted international exchange of GCOS
data for non-commercial scientific and applications purposes."
"Data should be provided at the lowest possible cost to
users."
- UN Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) Data
Management Policy for Global Ocean Programmes, Adopted March 1993
"Overall purpose of this policy statement is to facilitate full
and open access to quality ocean data . . ."
". . . should be provided at lowest possible cost to global ocean
researchers in the interest of full and open access to data. This cost
should, as a first principle, be no more than the marginal cost of
processing copying, and shipping to fill a specific user
request."
- Intergovernmental Meeting of the World Climate Programme,
Statement on the Climate Agenda, April 1993
"established . . . a coordinated international framework for the
standardization and full and open exchange of such data."
- OMB Circular A-130, Management of Federal Information
Resources, July 1993
"Government information is a valuable natural resource."
"The free flow of information between the government and the
public is essential to a democratic society."
"Federal information resources should protect the public's right
of access to government information."
"The open and efficient exchange of scientific and technical
information . . . fosters excellence in scientific research and
effective use of Federal research and development funds."
- American Meteorological Society, Bulletin of the American
Meteorological Society, April 1994, pp. 549-551
"It has been long-standing U.S. policy to make its meteorological
satellite data and the products of its National Meteorological Center
freely available internationally."
". . . sees the present (WMO) restrictions as ominous harbingers
of further deterioration of the global free data exchange system unless
actions are taken to reverse these restrictions."
"Weather data at all timescales and space scales will be needed
to address various aspects of the climate problem."
- International Social Science Council General Assembly, Social
Science Data Management Policy, adopted December 1994
"Full and open sharing of the full suite of datasets for all
social scientists is a fundamental goal."
"Data should be provided at the lowest possible cost . . . This
cost should, as a first principle, be no more than the marginal cost of
filling a specific user request."
- Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, XVIII Assembly,
June 1995
". . . to continue to foster the concept of rapid full and open
exchange of data."
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