Human Dimensions

Scenarios Used for the Report

Scenarios for Climate Variability and Change -- Human Dimensions

Gaffen, D. J. and R. J. Ross. Increased Summertime Heat Stress in the U.S. Nature, 396, 529-530. 1998.

IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change). Climate Change 1995: Impacts, Adaptations, and Mitigation of Climate Change: Scientific-Technical Analyses, edited by R. T. Watson, M. C. Zinyowera, and R. H. Moss. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom, 879 pp. 1996b.

IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change). Climate Change 1995: Economic and Social Dimensions of Climate Change, edited by E. J. Bruce, Hoesung Lee, and E. Haites. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom, 464 pp. 1996c.

Jones, P. D., P. Ya. Groisman, M. Coughlan, N. Plummer, W.-C. Wang, and T. R. Karl. Assessment of Urbanization Effects in Time Series of Surface Air Temperature Over Land, Nature, 347, 169-172. 1990.

Karl, T. R. and K. Trenberth. The Human Impact on Climate. Scientific American, 281, 100-105. 1999.

Karl, T. R., H. F. Diaz, and G. Kukla. Urbanization: Its Detection and Effect in the United States Climate Record. Journal of Climate, 1, 1099-1123. 1988.

Mahlman, J. D. Uncertainties in Projections of Human-Caused Climate Warming. Science, 278, 1416-1417. 1997.

Mantua, N., S. Hare, Y. Zhang, J. Wallace, and R. Francis. A Pacific Interdecadal Climate Oscillation with Impacts on Salmon Production. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 78, 1069-1079. 1997.

NAS (National Academy of Sciences). Policy Implications of Greenhouse Warming: Mitigation, Adaptation, and the Science Base. Panel on Policy Implications of Greenhouse Warming, National Academy Press, Washington, DC. 1992.

Steadman, R. G. The Assessment of Sultrines, Part I: A Temperature-Humidity Index Based on Human Physiology and Clothing Science. Journal of Climate and Applied Meteorology, 18, 861-873. 1979.

The Potential Effects of Global Climate Change on the United States. US Environmental Protection Agency, EPA-230-05-89-050, edited by J. Smith and D. Tirpak, Washington, DC. 1989.

Wigley, T. M. L., A. K. Jain, B. S. Nyenzi, and P. R. Shukla. Implications of Proposed CO₂ Emissions Limitations. Technical paper for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Geneva, Switzerland, 41 pp. 1997.

Socioeconomic Context for Climate Impact Assessment -- Human Dimensions

Aging in the United States. US Bureau of the Census. 1999.

(http://www.census.gov/population/www/socdemo/age.html#elderly)

Carter, T. R., M. L. Parry, H. Harasawa, and S. Nishioka. IPCC Technical Guidelines for Assessing Climate Change Impacts and Adaptations. National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan. 1994.

Changnon, S. A., R. A. Pielke, Jr., D. Changnon, R. T. Sylves, and R. Pulwarty. Human Factors Explain the Increased Losses From Weather and Climate Extremes. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 81, 437-442. 2000.

Diamond, J. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies. Norton, New York. 1997.

Downing, T. E, R. Butterfield, S. Cohen, S. Huq, R. Moss, A. Rahman, Y. Sokona, and L. Stephen. Climate Change Vulnerability: Toward a Framework for Understanding Adaptability to Climate Change Impacts. Report to UNEP from the Environmental Change Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, England. May 2000.

Glantz, M. T. (Ed.). Societal Responses to Regional Climatic Change: Forecasting by Analogy. Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado. 1988.

Huntington, E. Civilization and Climate. Yale University Press, New Haven, Connecticut. 1915.

Kahneman, D. A., P. Slovic, and A. Tversky (Eds.). Judgment under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases. Cambridge University Press, New York. 1982.

Kates, R. W. The Interaction of Climate and Society. Climate Impact Assessment, edited by R. W. Kates, J. H. Ausubel, and M. Berberian, John Wiley and Sons, Chichester, UK, SCOPE/ICSU, chap. 1, 3-36. 1985.

Krunkel, K. E., R. A. Pielke, Jr., and S. A. Changnon. Temporal Fluctuations in Weather and Climate Extremes that Cause Economic and Human Health Impacts: A Review. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 80, 1077-1098. 1999.

Lambert, L. D. The Role of Climate in the Economic Development of Nations. Land Economics, 47, 339. 1975.

Morgan, M. G., Uncertainty Analysis in Risk Sssessment. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment, 4(1), 25-39. 1998.

Morgan, M. G. and M. Henrion. Uncertainty: A Guide to Dealing with Uncertainty in Quantitative Risk and Policy Analysis. Cambridge University Press, New York. 1990.

Mote, P. W., et al. Impacts of Climate Variability and Change: Pacific Northwest. A report of the Pacific Northwest Regional Assessment Group for the US Global Change Research Program, Climate Impacts Group, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, November. 1999.

Myrdal, G. Asian Drama: An Inquiry into the Poverty of Nations. Random House, New York. 1972.

Parson, E. A. and K. Fisher-Vanden. Integrated Assessment Models of Global Climate Change. Annual Review of Energy and the Environment, 22, 589-628. 1997.

Patt, A., B. Tomm, A. Wolfe, and T. Wilbanks. Forecasts of Institutional Change in the United States: A Summary. Prepared for the U.S. National Assessment of Possible Consequences of Climate Variability and Change, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee. 1998.

Population Profile of the United States: 1997. US Bureau of the Census Current Population Reports, Series P23-194, US Government Printing Office, Washington, DC. 1998.

Population Projections through 2050. US Bureau of the Census, Document NP-T1. February 11, 2000.

Riebsame, W. E. Research in Climate-Society Interaction. Climate Impact Assessment, edited by R. W. Kates, J. H. Ausubel, and M. Berberian, SCOPE/ICSU, Wiley, Chichester, UK, chap. 3, 69-84. 1985.

Rosenberg, N. J. (Ed.). Towards an Integrated Assessment of Climate Change: The MINK Study. Climatic Change (special issue), 24, 1-173. 1993.

Rotmans, J. and H. Dowlatabadi. Integrated Assessment Review. Human Choice and Climate Change. Edited by S. Rayner and E. Malone, Battelle Press, Columbus, Ohio. 1998.

Sachs, J., T. Panayotou, and A. Peterson. Developing Countries and the Control of Climate Change: A Theoretical Perspective and Policy Implications. CAERII discussion paper no. 44, Cambridge, MA. November 1999.

Scott, M. J., R. D. Sands, J. Edmonds, A. M. Liebertrau, and D. W. Engel. . Uncertainty in Integrated Assessment Models: Modeling with MiniCAM 1.0, Energy Policy, 27, 855-879. 1999.

Survey of Current Business. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA), US Treasury Department. January 2000.

Terleckyj, N. E. Analytic Documentation of Three Alternate Socioeconomic Projections, 1997-2050. NPA Data Services, Inc., Washington, DC. May 1999a.

Terleckyj, N. E. Development of Three Alternate National Projection Scenarios, 1997-2050. NPA Data Services, Washington DC. July 26, 1999b.

Weyant, J., O. Davidson, H. Dowlatabadi, J. Edmonds, M. Grubb, E. A. Parson, R. Richels, J. Rotmans, P. R. Shukla, R. S. J. Tol, W. Cline, and S. Fankhauser. Integrated Assessment of Climate Change: An Overview and Comparison on Approaches and Results. Climate Change 1995: Economic and Social Dimensions of Climate Change, edited by J. P. Bruce, H. Lee, and E. F. Haites, Report of Working Group 3, Inter-governmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), chap. 10, 367-396, Cambridge University Press, New York. 1996.

Wilbanks, T. J. Forecasts of Technological Change in the United States: A Summary. Prepared for the U.S. National Assessment of Possible Consequences of Climate Variability and Change, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee. 1998.

Report's Regional Elements of the U.S.

Northeast Region -- Human Dimensions

Alpern, R. Impact of Global Warming on Water Resources: Implications for New York City and the New York Metropolitan Region. The Baked Apple? Metropolitan New York in the Greenhouse, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, vol. 790, edited by D. Hill, 86. 1996.

Annual Flood Damage Report to Congress for Fiscal Year 1997. US Army Corps of Engineers, 1998.

(http://www.usace.army.mil/inet/functions/cw/cecwe/flood.htm)

Bloomfield, J. Hot Nights in the City: Global Warming, Sea-Level Rise and the New York Metropolitan Region. Environmental Defense Fund, New York. 1999.

Bureau of Economic Analysis, Survey of Current Business, U.S. Government Printing Office. June 2000.

(http://www.bea.doc.gov/bea/regional/data.htm)

Chestnut, L. G., W. S. Freffle, J. B. Smith, and L. S. Kalkstein. Analysis of Differences in Hot-Weather-Related Mortality Across 44 US Metropolitan Areas. Environmental Sciences Policy, 1, 59-70, 1998.

Coastal Exposure and Community Protection. Insurance Research Council, Wheaton, Illinois, 45 pp. 1995.

Colwell, R. P. Epstein, D. Gubler, M. Hall, P. Reiter, J. Shukla, W. Sprigg, E. Takafuji, and J. Trtanj. Global Climate Change and Infectious Diseases, Emerging Infectious Diseases, 4, 451-452. 1998.

Fisher, A., et al. Preparing for a Changing Climate: The Potential Consequences of Climate Variability and Change. Mid-Atlantic Foundations, US National Assessment, in review, 2000.

(http://www.essc.psu.edu/mara/results/foundations_report)

Kalkstein, L. S. and J. J. Swift. An Evaluation of Climate/Mortality Relationships in the Mid-Atlantic Region and the Possible Impacts of Climate Change. Prepared for inclusion in the Mid-Atlantic Regional Assessment. 1998.

Kalkstein, L. S. and J. S. Greene. An Evaluation of Climate/Mortality Relationships in Large U.S. Cities and the Possible Impacts of Climate Change. Environmental Health Perspectives, 105, 84-93. 1997.

Kilbourne, E. M., K. Cho, T. S. Jones, S. B. Thacker, and F. I. Team. Risk Factors for Heat Stroke: A Case Central Study. JAMA, 247, 3332-3336. 1982.

Klopatek, J. M., R. J. Olson, C. J. Emerson, and J. L. Jones. Land-Use Conflicts with Natural Vegetation in the United States. Environmental Conservation, 6, 191-200. 1979.

Kunkel, K. E., R. A. Pielke Jr., and S. A. Changnon. Temporal Fluctuations in Weather and Extremes that Cause Economic and Human Health Impacts. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 80, 1077-1098. 1999.

Martens, P. How Will Climate Change Affect Human Health? American Scientist, 87, 534-541. 1999.

Regional Economic Projection Series. NPA Data Services, Inc., Washington, DC. 1998.

Ricketts, T. H., E. Dinerstein, D. M. Olson, and C. Loucks. Who's Where in North America? Patterns of Species Richness and the Utility of Indicator Taxa for Conservation. BioScience, 49, 369-381. 1999.

Rock, B. and B. Moore III et al. The New England Regional Assessment of the Potential Consequences of Climate Variability and Change, US National Assessment, in preparation. 2000.

Rose, A., Y. Cao, and G. Oladosu, Simulating the Economic Impacts of Climate Change in the Mid-Atlantic region, Climate Research, 14, 175-183. 2000.

Rosenzweig, C. and W. Solecki, et al. Climate Change and a Global City: An Assessment of the Metropolitan East Coast Region. US National Assessment, in review. 2000.

Watson, R. T., M. C. Zinyowera, and R. H. Moss (eds). The Regional Impacts of Climate Change: An Assessment of Vulnerability. Cambridge University Press, New York, 1998.

Southeast Region -- Human Dimensions

Billion Dollar US Weather Disasters, 1980-1999. National Climatic Data Center, July 20, 1999.

(http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/reports/billionz.html)

Community Exposure and Community Protection: Hurricane Andrew's Legacy (IIPLR and IRC). Insurance Institute for Property Loss Reduction and Insurance Research Council Wheaton, IL (IILPR) and Boston, MA (IRC), 1995.

Glasmeier, A. The History of Central and Southern Appalachia: A Socioeconomic Analysis. Paper presented at the Central and Southern Workshop on Climate Variability and Change, Morgantown, West Virginia, May 27-28. 1998.

Heinz Center. The Hidden Costs Of Coastal Hazards: Implications For Risk Assessment and Mitigation. Island Press, Washington, DC, 220 pp. 1999.

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. The Regional Impacts of Climate Change: An Assessment of Vulnerability. Cambridge University Press, United Kingdom, 514 pp., 1998.

Pielke, Jr., R. A. and R. A. Pielke, Sr. Vulnerability to Hurricanes Along the US Atlantic and Gulf Coasts: Considerations of the Use of Long-Term Forecasts. Hurricanes: Climate and Socioeconomic Impacts, edited by H. F. Diaz and R. S. Pulwarty, Springer Publishing, New York, 147-184. 1997.

Ritschard, R. L., J. F. Cruise, and L. U. Hatch. Spatial and Temporal Analysis of Agricultural Water Requirements in the Gulf Coast of the United States. Journal of American Water Resources Association, 35(6), 1585-1596. 1999.

Rosenberg, N. J., R. C. Izaurralde, M. Tiscareño-Lopéz, D. Legler, R. Srinivasan, R. A. Brown, and R. D. Sands. Sensitivity of North American Agriculture to ENSO-Based Climate Scenarios and their Socio-Economic Consequences: Modeling in an Integrated Assessment Framework. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Seattle, Washington, 146 p. 1997.

US Bureau of the Census. County and City Data Book. US Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, GPO #003-024-08753-7. 1994.

Midwest Region -- Human Dimensions

Allardice, D. R. and S. Thorp. A Changing Great Lakes Economy: Economic and Environmental Linkages. SOLEC working paper presented at State of the Lakes Ecosystem Conference, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, EPA 905-R-95-017. 1995.

Ausubel, J. H., Does Climate Still Matter? Nature, 350, 649-652, 1991.

Billion Dollar US Weather Disasters 1980-1999. National Climatic Data Center (NCDC), Asheville, North Carolina, US Department of Commerce, NOAA. 1999.

(http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/reports/billionz.html)

Brown, D. G. and J. M. Vasievich. A Study of Land Ownership Fragmentation in the Upper Midwest, Proceedings, GIS/LIS 96 Conference, Denver, Colorado, pp. 1199-1209. 1996.

Changnon, D. 1997: Damaging Storms in the United States: Selection of Quality Data and Monitoring Indices. Preprints of the Workshop on Indices and Indicators for Climate Extremes, NOAA/National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, North Carolina, USA, June 3-6, 1997, 24 pp. 1997.

Changnon, S. A. Impacts of 1997-98 El Nino-Generated Weather in the United States. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 80(9), 1819-1928. 1999.

Changnon, S. A. The Drought, Barges, and Diversion. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 70(9) 1092-1104. 1989.

Ecological Impacts from Climate Change: An Economic Analysis of Freshwater Recreational Fishing (220-R-95-004). EPA 1995.

(http://www.epa.gov/globalwarming/publications/)

Demographic Databases, Household Databases Three Growth Projections 1967-2050. NPA Data Services 1424 16th Street, NW, Suite 700, Washington, DC 20036. 1999a

Injerd, D. Panel Presentation, Impacts and Risks of Climate Change and Variability: Stakeholder Perspectives. Adapting to Climate Change and Variability in the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Basin, Proceedings of a Binational Symposium, edited by L. D. Mortsch, S. Quon, L. Craig, B. Mills, and B. Wrenn, Environment Canada, Downsview, Ontario. 1998.

Kalkstein, L. and J. S. Greene. An Evaluation of Climate/Mortality Relationships in Large US Cities and the Possible Impacts of a Climate Change. Environmental Health Perspectives, 105(1), 84-93. 1997.

Kalkstein, L. and K. Smoyer. The Impacts of Climate Change on Human Health: Some International Iimplications. Experientia, 49, 969-979. 1993.

Karl, T. R. Potential Application of Model Output Statistics (MOS) to Forecasts of Surface Ozone Concentrations. Journal of Applied Meteorology, 18, 254-265. 1979

Kunkel, K. E., R. A. Pielke, Jr., and S. A. Changnon. Temporal Fluctuations in Weather and Climate Extremes that Cause Economic and Human Health Impacts: A Review. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 80, 1077-1098. 1999.

Norgaard, K. J. Impacts of the Subdivision Control Act of 1967 on Land Fragmentation in Michigan's Townships. Ph.D. dissertation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan. 1994.

Rose, J. B., S. Daeschner, D. R. Easterling, F. C. Curriero, S. Lele, and J. A. Patz. . Climate and Waterborne Outbreaks in the US. Journal of American Water Works Association, 77-87, Sept. 2000.

Smith, J. B. Setting Priorities for Adapting to Climate Change. Global Environmental Change, 7(3), 251-264. 1997.

Wang, J. X. L. and J. K. Angell. Air Stagnation Cimatology for the United States (1948-1998). NOAA/Air Resources Laboratory ATLAS No. 1, Silver Spring, Maryland, 73 pp. 1999.

Warbach, J. D. and D. Norberg. Michigan Society of Planning Officials Trend Futures Project: Public Lands and Forestry Trends Working Paper. Michigan Society of Planning Officials, Rochester, Michigan. 1995.

Great Plains Region -- Human Dimensions

Barkema, A. and M. Drabenstott. Consolidation and Changes in Heartland Agriculture. Economic Forces Shaping the Rural Heartland, Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City. 1996.

(http://www.kc.frb.org/publicat/heartlnd/hrtmain.htm)

Donofrio, C. and D. S. Ojima. The Great Plains Today. Climate Change Impacts on the Great Plains. Office of Science and Technology Policy and United States Global Change Research Program Workshop, compiled by D. S. Ojima, W. E. Easterling, and C. Donofrio, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, pp. 1-24, 1997.

Drabenstott, M. and T. R. Smith. The Changing Economy of the Rural Heartland. Economic Forces Shaping the Rural Heartland, Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City. 1996.

(http://www.kc.frb.org/publicat/heartlnd/hrtmain.htm)

Gutmann, M. Social and Demographic Changes in the Central Great Plains. Paper presented at the Central Great Plains Regional Assessment of Climate Change Impacts Workshop, Loveland, Colorado, March 22-24, 1999, Sponsored by the Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, and the US Department of Energy. 1999.

Leitch, J. A., F. L. Leistritz, and D. A. Bangsund. Economic Effect of Leafy Spurge in the Upper Great Plains: Methods, Models, and Results. Agricultural Economics Report No. 316, North Dakota State University, Agricultural Experiment Station. 1994.

Malcolm, J. R. and A. Markham. Climate Change Threats to the National Parks and Protected Areas of the United States. World Wildlife Fund, Washington, DC. 1998.

National Research Council. Water Transfers in the West: Efficiency, Equity, and the Environment. National Academy Press, Washington, DC. 1992.

Office of Technology Assessment. Preparing for an Uncertain Climate. US Government Printing Office, Washington, DC. 1993.

Ojima, D. S., W. E. Easterling, C. Donofrio (Compilers). Climate Change Impacts on the Great Plains. Workshop Report, May 27-29, 1997, Sponsored by Department of Energy, Office of Science and Technology Policy, US Global Change Research Program, and Colorado State University, College of Natural Resources, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado. 1997.

Opie, J. The Law Of The Land: Two Hundred Years Of American Farmland Policy. University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln, Nebraska. 1987.

Seielstad, G. Progress Report For a Public Access Resource Center (PARC) Empowering the General Public to use EOSDIS - Implementation. University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota. 1999.

Skold, M. D. Agricultural Systems and Economic Characteristics of the Great Plains. Climate Change Impacts on the Great Plains, compiled by D. S. Ojima, W. E. Easterling, and C. Donofrio, Office of Science and Technology Policy and US Global Change Research Program Workshop, pp. 85-88, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado. 1997.

Stern, P. C. and W. E. Easterling, (Eds.). Making Climate Forecasts Matter. National Academy Press, Washington, DC. 1999.

US Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis, Regional Economic Analysis Division. June 1998.

West Region -- Human Dimensions

Brown, T. C. Projecting US Freshwater Withdrawals. Journal of Water Resources Research, 36, 769-780.

California: An Economic Profile. California Trade and Commerce Agency. September 1997

(http://commerce.ca.gov/california/economy)

California's Population Tops 33 Million. California Department of Finance press release. May 1998.

Compilation of Records in Accordance with Article V of the Decree of the Supreme Court of the United States in Arizona versus California dated March 9, 1964, for calendar years 1989-1997. US Bureau of Reclamation.

Demographic Databases; Three Growth Projections 1967-2025. NPA Data Services, Inc., Washington, DC. 1999.

Diaz, H. F. and C. A. Anderson. Precipitation Trends and Water Consumption Related to Population in the Southwestern United States: A Reassessment. Water Resources Research, 31, 713-720, 1995.

Engelthaler, D. M., et al., Climatic and Environmental Patterns Associated with Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome, Four Corners Region, United States. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 5(1), 87-94. 1999.

Estimate of 1999 Colorado River Use, Boulder City, Nevada. US Bureau of Reclamation Memorandum to All Interested Persons, May 26, 1999.

Gleick, P. H. and E. P. Maurer. Assessing the Costs of Adapting to Sea Level Rise: A Case Study of San Francisco Bay. The Pacific Institute for Studies in Development, Environment, and Security and the Stockholm Environment Institute, Stockholm, Sweden. 1990.

Gleick, P. H. and L. Nash. The Societal and Environmental Costs of the Continuing California Drought. Pacific Institute for Studies in Development, Environment, and Security, Berkeley, California, 66 pp. 1991.

Gleick, P. H., P. Loh, S. V. Gomez, and J. Morrison. California Water 2020: A Sustainable Vision, Pacific Institute for Studies in Development, Environment, and Security, Oakland, California, 113 pp. 1995.

Gleick, P. Climate Change and California: Past, Present, and Future Vulnerabilities. Societal Responses to Regional Climate Change: Forecasting By Analogy, edited by M. H. Glantz, Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado. 1988.

Gleick, P. H. Vulnerability of Water Systems. Climate Change and US Water Resources, edited by P. E. Waggoner, John Wiley & Sons, New York, pp. 223-240. 1990.

Gross State Product by Component and Industry 1977-1997. US Bureau of Economic Analysis, 1999a.

(http://www.bea.doc.gov/bea/regional/gsp/gsplist.html)

Hurd, B. H., J. M. Callaway, J. B. Smith, and P. Kirshen. Economic Effects of Climate Change on US Water Resources. The Economic Impacts of Climate Change on the US Economy, edited by R. Mendelsohn and J. E. Neumann, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England, 133-177. 1999b.

Kalkstein, L. S. and J. S. Greene. An Evaluation of Climate/Mortality Relationships in Large US Cities and the Possible Impacts of a Climate Change, Environmental Health Perspectives, 105(1), 2-11. 1997.

Knox, J. B. Global Climate Change: Impacts on California, An Introduction and Overview. Global Climate Change and California, edited by J. B. Knox, University of California Press, Berkeley, California. 1991.

Krieger, D. J. Saving Open Spaces: Public Support for Farmland Protection. Center forAgriculture in the Environment, December 29, 1999.

(http://farm.fic.niu.edu/cae/wp/99-1/wp99-1.html)

Miller, K. A., S. L. Rhodes, and L. V. MacDonnell. Water Allocation in a Changing Climate: Institutions and Adaptation, Climatic Change, 35, 157-177. 1997.

Neumann, J. E., G. Yohe, R. Nicholls, and M. Manion. Sea-Level Rise and Global Climate Change: A Review of Impacts to the US Coasts. Pew Center on Global Climate Change, Arlington, Virginia. 2000.

New Rules Sought on Tapping the Colorado River, The New York Times, May 23, 1999.

Parmenter, R. R., E. P. Yadav, C. A. Parmenter, P. Ettestad, and K. L. Gage. Incidence of Plague Associated with Increased Winter-Spring Precipitation in New Mexico, American Journal of Tropical Medical Hygiene, 61, 814-821. 1999.

Regional Economic Information System. US Bureau of Economic Analysis. 1999b.

(http://fisher.lib.virginia.edu/reis/)

Solley, W. B., R. R. Pierce, and H. A. Perlman. Estimated Use of Water in the United States in 1995. US Geological Survey Circular 1200, US Government Printing Office, Denver, Colorado. 1998.

Solley, W. B. Estimates of Water Use in the Western United States in 1990 and Water-Use Trends 1960-90. Report to the Western Water Policy Review Advisory Commission, Western Water Policy Review Advisory Commission, National Technical Information Service, Springfield, Virginia. 1997.

Statistical Abstract of the United States: 1998 (118th edition). US Census Bureau, US Department of Commerce, Washington, DC. 1998.

Templin, W. E. California - Continually the Nation's Leader in Water Use. Accessed May 13, 1999.

(http://ca.water.usgs.gov/wuse/awra/)

Tilting the Balance: Climate Variability and Water Resource Management in the Southwest. Southwest Border Regional Workshop on Climate Variability and Change. University of Texas at El Paso, March 2-4, 1998, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas. National Aeronautics and Space Administration and University of Texas at El Paso. 1998.

Titus, J. G. and V. Narayanan, The Risk of Sea Level Rise. Climatic Change, 33, 151-212. 1996.

Torn, M., E. Mills, and J. Fried. Will Climate Change Spark More Wildfire Damages? Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, Berkeley, California, 1998.

(http://eande.lbl.gov/CBS/EMills/wild.html)

Updating the Hoover Dam Documents. US Bureau of Reclamation, Denver, Colorado. 1978.

Western Water Policy Review Advisory Commission. Water in the West: Challenge for the Next Century. National Technical Information Service, Springfield, Virginia, 1998.

Wilkinson, R. and T. Rounds. Climate Change and Variability in California. White paper for the California Regional Assessment, National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, University of California at Santa Barbara, 1998b.

Wilkinson, R. and T. Rounds. Potential Impacts of Climate Change and Variability for California. California regional workshop report, National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, University of California at Santa Barbara. 1998a.

Willman, M. L. State May Consider Mudslide Insurance for Homeowners, Los Angeles Times, February 14, 1998.

Wong, A. K., L. Owens-Viani, A. Steding, P. H. Gleick, D. Haasz, R. Wilkinson, M. Fidell, and S. Gomez. Sustainable Use of Water: California Success Stories. Pacific Institute for Studies in Development, Environment, and Security, Oakland, California. 1999.

Pacific Northwest Region -- Human Dimensions

Alig, R. J., D. M. Adams, B. A. McCarl. Impacts of Incorporating Land Exchanges Between Forestry and Agriculture in Sector Models. Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics, 30(2), 389-401, December 1998.

Callahan, B., E. Miles, and D. Fluharty. Policy Implications of Climate Forecasts for Water Resources Management in the Pacific Northwest. Policy Sciences, in press, 2000.

Canning, D. J. Sea Level Rise in Washington State: State-of-the-Knowledge, Impacts, and Potential Policy Issues. Washington Department of Ecology, Olympia, Washington, 1991.

Cohen, S. J., K. A. Miller, A. F. Hamlet, and W. Avis. Climate Change and Resource Management in the Columbia River Basin. Water International, in press, 2000.

Glantz, M. H. Consequences and Responsibilities in Drought Forecasting: The Case of Yakima, 1977. Water Resources Research, 18(1), pp. 3-13, 1982.

Good, J. W. Shore Protection Policy and Practices in Oregon: An Evaluation of Implementation Successes. Coastal Management, 22, 325-352, 1994.

Gray, K. N. The Impacts of Drought on Yakima Valley Irrigated Agriculture and Seattle Municipal and Industrial Water Supply. Master's thesis, School of Marine Affairs, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 1999.

Hamlet, A. F. and D. P. Lettenmaier. Effects of Climate Change on Hydrology and Water Resources Objectives in the Columbia River Basin. Journal of American Water Resources Association, 35(6), 1597-1623, 1999.

Henjum, M. G., J. B. Karr, D. L. Bottom, D. Perry, J. C. Bednarz, S. G. Wright, S. A. Beckwitt, and E. Beckwitt. Interim Protection for Late-Successional Forests, Fisheries, and Watersheds: National Forests East of the Cascade Crest, Oregon, and Washington. The Wildlife Society Technical Review 94-2, Bethesda, Maryland, 245 pp., 1994.

Historical State Population Series. US Census Bureau, 2000.

(http://www.census.gov/population/www/estimates/st_stts.html)

Huffaker, R., N. K. Whittlesey, and P. R. Wandschneider. Institutional Feasibility of Contingent Water Marketing to Increase Migratory Flows for Salmon on the Upper Snake River. Natural Resources Journal, 33, 671-696, Summer 1993.

Hulme, M., E. M. Barrow, N. W. Arnell, P. A. Harrison, T. C. Johns, and T. E. Downing. Relative Impacts of Human-Induced Climate Change and Natural Variability. Nature, 397, 688-691, 1999.

Klahn, J. This Time, City Folks Will Bear Cost of Restoring Species. (AP), Seattle Times, pg. 1, September 5, 1999.

Miller, K. A. Water Banking to Manage Supply Variability. Advances in the Economics of Environmental Resources, Vol. 1, edited by D. C. Hall, pp. 185-210, JAI Press, Greenwich, Connecticut, 1996.

Miller, K. A., S. L. Rhodes, L. J. MacDonnell. Water Allocation in a Changing Climate: Institutions and Adaptation. Climatic Change, 35, 157-177, 1997.

Mote, P. W., et al. Impacts of Climate Variability and Change: Pacific Northwest. A report of the Pacific Northwest Regional Assessment Group for the US Global Change Research Program, Climate Impacts Group, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, November 1999.

Northwest Region, West Coast Salmon and the Endangered Species Act. National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS). 2000.

(http://www.nwr.noaa.gov/1salmon/salmesa/index.htm)

Quigley, R. W., R. W. Haynes, and R. T. Graham. Integrated Scientific Assessment for Ecosystem Management in the Interior Columbia Basin. USDA Forest Service General Technical Report PNW-382, USDA Forest Service, Corvallis, Oregon, 1996.

Terleckyj, N. E. Analytic Documentation of Three Alternate Socioeconomic Projections, 1997-2050. NPA Data Services, Washington, DC, 1999a.

Terleckyj, N. E. Development of Three Alternate National Projections Scenarios, 1997-2050. NPA Data Services, Washington, DC, 1999b.

Alaska -- Human Dimensions

Berkes, F. Indigenous Knowledge and Resource Management Systems in the Canadian Sub-Arctic. Linking Social and Ecological Systems, edited by F. Berkes, C. Folke, and J. Colding, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom, pp. 98-128, 2000.

BESIS, The Impacts of Global Climate Change in the Bering Sea Region. An assessment conducted by the International Arctic Science Committee under its Bering Sea Impacts Group (BESIS), International Arctic Science Committee, Oslo, Norway, 1997.

Berman, M., G. P. Juday, R. Burnside. Climate Change and Alaska's Forests: People, Problems, and Policies. Proceedings of a workshop, Assessing the consequences of climate change for Alaska and the Bering Sea region, Fairbanks, 29-30 October 1998, edited by G. Weller and P. A. Anderson, Center for Global Change and Arctic System Research, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 1999.

Callaway, D., J. Eamer, E. Edwardwen, C. Jack, S. Marcy, A. Olrun, M. Patkotak, D. Rexford, and A. Whiting. Effects of Climate Change on Subsistence Communities in Alaska. Proceedings of a workshop, Assessing the consequences of climate change for Alaska and the Bering Sea region, Fairbanks, 29-30 October 1998, edited by G. Weller and P. A. Anderson, Center for Global Change and Arctic System Research, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 1999.

Cole, H., V. Colonell, and D. Esch. The Economic Impact and Consequences of Global Climate Change on Alaska's Infrastructure. Proceedings of a workshop, Assessing the consequences of climate change for Alaska and the Bering Sea region, Fairbanks, 29-30 October 1998, edited by G. Weller and P. A. Anderson, Center for Global Change and Arctic System Research, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 1999.

Community Improvement Feasibility Report. US Army Corps of Engineers, Alaska District, Anchorage, Alaska, April 1998.

Criddle, K. R., M. Hermann, J. A. Greenberg, and E. M. Feller. Climate Fluctuations and Revenue Maximization in the Eastern Bering Sea Fishery for Walleye Pollock. North American Journal of Fisheries Management, 18(1), 1-10, 1998.

Economic Status of US fisheries, 1996. National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), US Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1996.

Goldsmith, O. S. Structural Analysis of the Alaska Economy: A Perspective from 1997. Prepared for Alaska Science and Technology Foundation by Institute of Social and Economic Research, University of Alaska, Anchorage, 1997.

Knapp, G., P. Livingston, and A. Tyler. Human Effects of Climate-Related Changes in Alaska Commercial Fisheries. Proceedings of a workshop, Assessing the consequences of climate change for Alaska and the Bering Sea region, Fairbanks, 29-30 October 1998, edited by G. Weller and P. A. Anderson, Center for Global Change and Arctic System Research, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 1999.

Kvenvolden, K. A. Potential Effects of Gas Hydrate on Human Welfare. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 96(7), 3420-3426, March 30, 1999.

Leask, L. Changing Ownership and Management of Alaska Lands. Alaska Review of Social and Economic Conditions, 22(4), October 1985.

Mulvaney, K. Arctic Voices: Global Warming is Changing the Traditional Eskimo Environment. New Scientist, pp. 55, November 14, 1998.

Nash, C. E. and Associates, D. Duffy. Miller's Reach Fire Strategic Economic Recovery Plan. Matanuska-Susitna Borough Department of Planning, October 1997.

Nixon, J. F. Effect of Climatic Warming on Pile Creep in Permafrost. Journal of Cold Regions Engineering, 4(1), pp. 67-73, 1990.

Nuttall, M. Protecting the Arctic: Indigenous Peoples and Cultural Survival. Harwood Academic Publishers, Amsterdam, 1998.

Osterkamp, T. E. and V. E. Romanovsky. Impacts of Thawing Permafrost as a Result of Climatic Warming, EOS, 77(46), 29, 1996

Prowse, T. D. and M. Conly. Impacts of Climatic Variability and Flow Regulation on Ice Jam Flooding of a Northern Delta. Hydrological Processes, 12, 1589-1610, 1998.

Sabo, G., III. Long-term Adaptations Among Arctic Hunter-Gatherers. Garland Publishing, London, United Kingdom, 1991.

Smith, O. P. and L. Johnston. The Warming World: Strategy for Alaskan Response. Summary of a workshop, January 5-6, 2000, University of Alaska, Anchorage, 2000.

State Population Projections. US Census Bureau, 2000.

(http://www.census.gov/population/www/projections/stproj.html)

Wenzel, G. W. Warming the Arctic: Environmentalism and the Canadian Inuit. Human Ecology and Climate Change, edited by D. L. Peterson and D. R. Johnson, Taylor & Francis, Washington, DC, 1995.

Wolfe, R. J. and R. G. Bosworth. Subsistence in Alaska: 1994 Update. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Division of Subsistence, Fairbanks, Alaska, 1994.

US Affiliated Islands -- Human Dimensions

A Report on the State of the Islands. Office of Insular Affairs (OIA), US Department of Interior. 1999.

(http://www.doi.gov/oia/report99.html)

Climate Change 1995: Impacts, Adaptations and Mitigation of Climate Change: Scientific-Technical Analyses. Edited by R. T. Watson, M. C. Zinyowera, and R. H. Moss, IPCC, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press, NY, pp. 289-324. 1995.

CNMI (Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands) official website accessed May 19, 2000.

(http://www.saipan.com/cnmiinfo/info_pg4.htm#sec100)

Cuddihy, L. W. and C. P. Stone. Alteration of Native Hawaiian Vegetation: Effects of Humans, Their Activities, and Introductions. University of Hawaii National Park Studies Unit, Honolulu, 138 pp., 1990.

Diaz, H. F. and R. S. Pulwarty. Decadal Climate Variability, Atlantic Hurricanes, and Societal Impacts: An Overview. Hurricanes: Climate and Socioeconomic Impacts, edited by H. F. Diaz and R. S. Pulwarty, Springer-Verlag, New York, 292 pp., 1997.

Emanuel, K. A. Climate Variations and Hurricane Activity: Some Theoretical Issues. Hurricanes: Climate and Socioeconomic Impacts, edited by H. F. Diaz and R. S. Pulwarty, Springer-Verlag, New York, 292 pp., 1997.

FSM (Federated States of Micronesia). National Communication to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, Palikir, Pohnpei, FM. Country Coordinator for national climate change program -- John Mooteb, PICCAP Coordinator -- Department of Economic Affairs, PO Box PS-Palikir, Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia, (email: jemooteb@hotmail.com), 1999.

FEMA (Federal Emergency Management Administration) Web site. Cited Aug 1, 2000.

(http://www.fema.gov/library/cat4o5)

Hamnett, M. P., C. L. Anderson, C. Guard, and T. A. Schroeder. Cumulative ENSO Impacts: Tropical Cyclones Followed by Drought. The Pacific ENSO Applications Center: Lessons learned for regional climate forecasting (revised report), Pacific ENSO Applications Center, Honolulu, HI, 2000.

Pielke, R. A., Jr. and C. W. Landsea. La Nina, El Niño, and Atlantic Hurricane Damages in the United States. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 80(10), 2027-2033, 1999.

Potter, B., E. L. Towle, and D. Brower. The Virgin Islands Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan. Island Resources Foundation for the Virgin Islands Territorial Emergency Management Agency (VITEMA). St. Thomas, December, 1995.

Rapaport, M. (Ed.). The Pacific Islands: Environment and Society. The Bess Press, Honolulu, Hawaii, 442 pp., 1999.

Titus, J. G., R. A. Park, S. P. Leatherman, J. R. Weggel, M. S. Greene, P. W. Mausel, S. Brown, C. Gaunt, M. Trehan, and G. Yohe. Greenhouse Effect and Sea-Level Rise: The Cost of Holding Back the Sea. Coastal Management, 19, 171-204, 1991.

(http://www.epa.gov/globalwarming/publications/impacts/sealevel/cost_of_holding.html)

Wilkinson, C., O. Linden, H. Cesar, G. Hodgson, J. Rubens, and A. E. Stong. Ecological and Socioeconomic Impacts of 1998 Coral Mortality in the Indian Ocean: An ENSO Impact and a Warning of Future Change? Ambio, 28(2), 188-196, 1999.

Native Peoples and Homelands -- Human Dimensions

1990 Census of Population, Characteristics of American Indians by Tribe and Language. US Bureau of the Census, 1990 CP-3-7, Washington, DC, 1990.

Akerlof, G. A. An Economic Theorist's Book of Tales. University of Cambridge Press, Cambridge United Kingdom, 1984.

Axelrod, R. The Evolution of Cooperation. Basic Books, Inc., New York, 1984.

Axelrod, R. The Complexity of Cooperation. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 1997.

Basso, K. Wisdom Sits in Places: Landscape and Language Among the Western Apache. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 1996.

BIA (Bureau of Indian Affairs) Website, 2000a.

(http://www.doi.gov/bia/aitoday/q_and_a.html)

BIA (Bureau of Indian Affairs) Website, 2000b.

(http://www.gdsc.bia.gov/images/bia_usa_chip.jpg)

Bordewich, F. M. Killing the White Man's Indian: Reinventing Native Americans at the End of the Twentieth Century. Anchor Books, New York, 1996.

Brams, S. J. and A. D. Taylor. Fair Division. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom, 1996.

Brody, H. Maps and Dreams. Pantheon Books, New York, 1982.

Brown, D. Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee: An Indian History of the American West. Henry Holt, New York, 487 pp., 1991.

Climate Change 1995: Impacts, Adaptations, and Mitigation of Climate Change: Scientific-Technical Analyses. IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change), Contribution of Working Group II to the Second Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, edited by R. T. Watson, M. C. Zinyowera, and R. H. Moss, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom, 880 pp., 1996b.

Cornell, S. The Return of the Native: American Indian Political Resurgence. Oxford University Press, Oxford United Kingdom, 1998.

Deloria, V., Jr. Red Earth, White Lies: Native Americans and the Myth of Scientific Fact. Fulcrum Publishing, Golden Colorado, 271 pp., 1997.

Energy Consumption and Renewable Energy Development Potential on Indian Lands. EIA (Energy Information Administration), Department of Energy, Washington DC, March 2000.

Engelthaler, D. M., et al. Climatic and Environmental Patterns Associated with Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome, Four Corners region, United States. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 5, 87-94, 1999.

Getches, D. H, C. F. Wilkinson, and R. H. Williams, Jr. Cases and Materials on Federal Indian Law, Fourth Edition. West Group, St. Paul, Minnesota, 1998.

Goodman, R. Lakota Star Knowledge. Sinte Gleska University Press, Rosebud, South Dakota, 1990.

Hardin, R. Collective Action. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland, 1982.

Hiss, T. The Experience of Place. Vintage Books, New York, 1991.

Houser, S. Mending the Circle: Peer Group Lending for Microenterprise Development in Tribal Communities. Rural Development Strategies, edited by David W. Sears and J. Norman Reid, Nelson Hall Publishers, Chicago, Illinois, pp. 204-232. 1995.

Houser, S. and A. White Hat. Bringing Accountability Home: Changes in the Management of Public Responsibility Within Tribal Governments. Commissioned by the Canadian Federal Department of Indian and Northern Development, Ottawa, 1993.

Johnson, T. World Out of Balance: In a Prescient Time Native Prophecy Meets Scientific Prediction. Native AMERICAS: Hemispheric Journal of Indigenous Issues, Volume XVI, Fall/Winter, 8-25, 1999.

Keller, R. H. America's Native Sweet: Chippewa Treaties and the Right to Harvest Maple Sugar. American Indian Quarterly, Spring, 117-135, 1989.

Lands Under the Jurisdiction of the Bureau of Indian Affairs. Department of the Interior (DOI), 1996.

(http://www.doi.gov/bia/realty/area.html)

Lawson, M. L. Dammed Indians. University of Oklahoma Press, Norman, Oklahoma, 1982.

Moreno, F. In the Arctic, Ice is Life. Native AMERICAS: Hemispheric Journal of Indigenous Issues, Vol. XVI (Fall/Winter), 42-45, 1999.

NPNH (Native Peoples/Native Homelands Assessment Team). Report of the Native Peoples/Native Homelands Climate Change Workshop, 28 October - 1 November 1998, Albuquerque, New Mexico. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington DC, in press, 2000.

Olson, M. The Logic of Collective Action. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1965.

Pevar, S. L. The Rights of Indians and Tribes, Second Edition. Southern Illinois University Press, Carbondale, Illinois, 1992.

Ritzenthaler, R. E. and P. Ritzenthaler. The Woodland Indians of the Western Great Lakes. Waveland Press, Prospect Heights, Illinois, 1991.

Schelling, T. C. Micromotives and Macrobehavior. W. W. Norton & Co., New York, 1978.

Schelling, T. C. Choice and Consequence. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1984.

Schmaljohn, C. and B. Hjelle. Hantaviruses: A Global Disease Problem. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 3, 95-104, 1997.

Snipp, C. M. American Indians: The First of This Land. The Russell Sage Foundation, New York, 1991.

Spinden, H. J., translator. Songs of the Tewa. Originally published in 1933 by The Exposition of Indian Tribal Arts, Inc., republished by Sunstone Press, Santa Fe, New Mexico, 1993.

Tiller, V. E. V. American Indian Reservations and Trust Areas. Economic Development Administration, United States Department of Commerce, Washington, DC, 1996.

Trosper, R. L. American Indian Poverty on Reservations. Changing Numbers, Changing Needs: American Indian Demography and Public Health, edited by G. Sandefur, R. R. Rindfuss, and B. Cohen, pp. 172-195, National Research Council, Washington, DC, 1996.

Trosper, R. L. Traditional American Indian Policy. Contemporary Native American Political Issues, edited by T. R. Johnson, pp. 139-63, Altamira Press, Walnut Creek, California, 1999.

Tyler, H. A. Pueblo Birds and Myths. Northland Publishing, Flagstaff, Arizona, 1991.

Vennum, T. Wild Rice and the Ojibway People. Minnesota Historical Society Press, St. Paul, Minnesota, 1988.

White, R. and W. Cronon. Ecological Change and Indian-White Relations. Handbook of North American Indians, Volume IV, edited by W. Sturtevant, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, pp. 417-429 1988.

Gallagher, W. The Power of Place. Harper Perennial, New York, 1993.

Research Sectors of the Study

Agriculture Sector -- Human Dimensions

Adams, R. M., S. A. Hamilton, and B. A. McCarl. The Benefits of Air Pollution Control: The Case of Ozone and US Agriculture. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 68, 886-894, 1986.

Baumes, H. A Partial Equilibrium Sector Model of US Agriculture Open to Trade: A Domestic Agricultural and Agricultural Trade Policy Analysis. Ph.D. thesis, Purdue University, 1978.

Burton, R. O. and M. A. Martin. Restrictions on Herbicide Use: An Analysis of Economic Impacts on US Agriculture. North Central Journal of Agricultural Economics 9, 181-194, 1987.

Chang, C. C., B. A. McCarl, J. W. Mjelde, and J. W. Richardson. Sectoral Implications of Farm Program Modifications. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 74:38-49, 1992.

Darwin, R., M. Tsigas, J. Lewandrowski, and A. Raneses. World Agriculture and Climate Change: Economic Adaptations. Agricultural Economic Report No. 703, US Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environmental Division, Economic Research Service, Washington, DC, 1995.

Fajardo, D., B. A. McCarl, and R. L. Thompson. A Multi Commodity Analysis of Trade Policy Effect: The Case of Nicaraguan Agriculture. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 63, 23-31, 1981.

Fellin, L. and S. Fuller. Effects of Privatization of Mexico's Railroad System on US-Mexico Overland Grain/Oilseed Trade. Transportation Research Forum 37(1), 46-64, 1998.

Johnson, D. G. The World Grain Economy and Climate Change to the Year 2000: Implications for Policy. National Defense University Press, Washington, DC, 50 pp., 1983.

Kaiser, H. M., S. J. Riha, D. S. Wilks, D. G. Rossier, and R. Sampath. A Farm-Level Analysis of Economic and Agronomic Impacts of Gradual Warming. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 75, 387-398, 1993.

McCarl, B. A. and T. H. Spreen. Price Endogenous Mathematical Programming As a Tool For Sector Analysis, American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 62, 87-102, 1980.

Preparing for an Uncertain Climate. Office of Technology Assessment, US Congress, Washington, DC, 1993.

Reilly, J., N. Hohmann, and S. Kane. Climate Change and Agricultural Trade: Who Benefits, Who Loses? Global Environmental Change, 4(1), 24-36, 1994.

Reilly, J. et al. Agriculture in a Changing Climate: Impacts and Adaptations. Climate Change 1995: Impacts, Adaptations, and Mitigation of Climate Change, edited by R. T. Watson, M. C. Zinyowera, and R. H. Moss, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom, pp. 427-469, 1995.

Rosenberg, N. J., Towards an Integrated Assessment of Climate Change: The MINK study. Climatic Change, 24, 1-175. 1993.

Rosenzweig, C. and M. L. Parry Potential Impact of Climate Change on World Food Supply. Nature, 367, 133-138, 1994.

Rosenzweig, C., J. T. Ritchie, J. W. Jones, G. Y. Tsuji, and P. Hildebrand. Climate Change and Agriculture: Analysis of Potential International Impacts. American Society of Agronomy Special Publication No. 59, American Society of Agronomy, Madison, Wisconsin, 382 pp., 1995.

Smith, J. B. and D. Tirpak (Eds.). The Potential Effects of Global Climate Change on the United States. EPA-230-05-89-050, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, 1989.

Takayama, T. and G. G. Judge. Spatial and Temporal Price and Allocation Models. North-Holland Publishing Company, 1971.

Water Sector -- Human Dimensions

Baldwin, C. K., U. Lall, and F. H. Wagner. Time Scales of Climate Variability Important to Western Water Managers and Their Views on Climate Change. Proceedings of the AWRA Specialty Conference on Potential Consequences of Climate Variability and Change to Water Resources of the United States, American Water Resources Association, Herndon, VA, pp. 23-26, 1999.

Bernard, S. M., J. Rose, B. Sherman, M. McGeehin, J. Scheraga, and J. Patz. Water, Health and Climate: Assessing the Potential Consequences of Climate Change and Variability on Waterborne Disease Risk. Proceedings of the AWRA Specialty Conference on Potential Consequences of Climate Variability and Change to Water Resources of the United States, American Water Resources Association, Herndon, VA, pp. 409-413, 1999.

Dellapenna, J. W. Adapting the Law of Water Management to Global Climate Change and Other Hydropolitical Stresses. Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 35(6), pp. 1301-1326, 1999a.

Dellapenna, J. W. Legal Responses to Global Climate Change. Proceedings of the AWRA Specialty Conference on Potential Consequences of Climate Variability and Change to Water Resources of the United States, American Water Resources Association, Herndon, VA, pp. 13-16, 1999b.

Climate Change 1995: Impacts, Adaptations and Mitigation of Climate Change: Scientific-Technical Analyses. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Cambridge University Press, New York, 1996.

Eheart, J. W., A. J. Wildermuth, and E. E. Herricks. The Effects of Climate Change and Irrigation on Criterion Low Streamflows Used for Determining Total Maximum Daily Loads. Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 35(6) pp. 1365-1372, 1999.

Frederick, K. D. and G. E. Schwarz. Socioeconomic Impacts of Climate Change on US Water Supplies. Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 35(6), pp. 1563-1584, 1999a.

Frederick, K. D. and G. E. Schwarz. Socioeconomic Impacts of Climate Variability and Change on US Water Supplies. Unpublished manuscript, 1999b.

Georgakakos, A. P., H. Yao, and K. P. Georgakakos. Vulnerability of River Basin Management to Climate Variability and Change. Proceedings of the AWRA Specialty Conference on Potential Consequences of Climate Variability and Change to Water Resources of the United States, American Water Resources Association, Herndon, VA, pp. 49-56, 1999.

Gleick, P. H. Vulnerability of Water Systems. Climate Change and the US Water Resources, edited by P. E. Waggoner, pp. 223-240, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1990.

Gleick, P. H. and L. Nash. The Societal and Environmental Costs of the Continuing California Drought. Pacific Institute for Studies in Development, Environment, and Security, Berkeley, California, 1993.

Gomez, S. and A. Steding. California Water Transfers: An Evaluation of the Economic Framework and a Spatial Analysis of the Potential Impacts. Pacific Institute for Studies in Development, Environment, and Security, Oakland, California, 57 pp., 1998.

Hatch, U., S. Jagtap, J. Jones, and M. Lamb. Potential Effects of Climate Change on Agricultural Water Use in the Southeast US. Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 35(6), pp. 1561-1563, 1999.

Hamlet, A. F. and D. P. Lettenmaier. Effects of Climate Change on Hydrology and Water Resources Objectives in the Columbia River Basin. Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 35(6), pp. 1597-1625, 1999.

Hurd, B. J., N. Leary, R. Jones, and J. Smith. Relative Regional Vulnerability of Water Resources to Climate Change. Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 35(6), pp. 1399-1410, 1999a.

Hurd, B, R. Jones, N. Leary and J. Smith. A Regional Assessment and Database of Water Resource Vulnerability to Climate Change. Proceedings of the AWRA Specialty Conference on Potential Consequences of Climate Variability and Change to Water Resources of the United States, American Water Resources Association, Herndon, VA, pp. 45-48, 1999b.

Jehl, D. Tampa Bay Looks to the Sea to Quench its Thirst. The New York Times, March 12, 2000.

McCabe, G. J. and D. M. Wolock. Sensitivity of Irrigation Demand in a Humid-Temperate Region to Hypothetical Climate Change. Climatic Change, 37, pp. 89-101, 1992.

National Inventory of Dams. US Army Corps of Engineers, 1996.

National Study of Water Management During Drought: The Report to Congress. US Army Corps of Engineers, IWR Report 94-NDS-12, September 1996.

O'Connor, R. E., B. Yarnal, R. Neff, R. Bord, N. Wiefek, C. Reenock, R. Shudak, C. L. Jacoy, P. Pascale, and C. G. Knight. Weather and Climate Extremes, Climate Change, and Planning: Views of Community Water System Managers in Pennsylvania's Susquehanna River Basin. Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 35(6), 1999.

Schilling, K. E. Water Resources: The State of the Infrastructure. Report to the National Council on Public Works Improvement, Washington, DC, May 1987.

Snover, A., E. Miles, and B. Henry. Regional Workshop on the Impacts of Global Climate Change on the Pacific Northwest. Final report, University of Washington, Seattle, July 1997.

Solley, W. B., R. R. Pierce, and H. A. Perlman. Estimated Use of Water in the United States in 1995. US Geological Survey Circular 1200, Denver, Colorado, 1998.

Solley, W. B. and H. A. Perlman. Factors Affecting Water Use Patterns in the United States, 1950-1995, With Projections to 2040. Proceedings of the AWRA Specialty Conference on Potential Consequences of Climate Variability and Change to Water Resources of the United States, American Water Resources Association, Herndon, VA, pp. 65-67, 1999.

Stakhiv, E. and K. Schilling. What Can Water Managers Do About Global Warming? Update Water Resources, No. 112, The Universities Council on Water Resources. pp. 33-40, 1998.

Strategic Directions for the US Geological Survey Groundwater Resources Program: A Report to Congress. US Department of the Interior, Geological Survey, November 30, 1998.

Valuing Groundwater: Economic Concepts and Approaches. National Research Council, National Academy Press, Washington, DC, 1997.

Vandemoer, C. Impacts of Climate Change on American Indian Water Rights and Resources. Proceedings of the AWRA Specialty Conference on Potential Consequences of Climate Variability and Change to Water Resources of the United States, American Water Resources Association, Herndon, VA, pp. 17-21, 1999.

Water Transfers in the West: Efficiency, Equity, and the Environment. National Research Council, National Academy Press, Washington, DC, 1992.

Western Water Policy Review Advisory Commission. Water in the West: Challenge for the Next Century. National Technical Information Service, Springfield, Virginia, 1998.

Health Sector -- Human Dimensions

Action Plan for Beaches and Recreational Waters. United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), Office of Research and Development, Office of Water, Washington, DC, 1999.

Ahlholm J. U., M. L. Helander, J. Savolainen. Genetic and Environmental Factors Affecting the Allergenicity of Birch (Betula pubescens ssp. czerepanovii [Orl.] Hamet-ahti) Pollen. Clinical and Experimental Allergy, 28, 1384-1388, 1998.

American Housing Survey for the United States in 1995. US Bureau of the Census, Washington, DC, 1997a.

American Society for Microbiology (ASM). Microbial Pollutants in Our Nation's Water: Environmental and Public Health Issues. American Society for Microbiology, Office of Public Affairs, Washington, DC, 1998.

American Thoracic Society. Health Effects of Outdoor Air Pollution, Part 2. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 153, 477-98, 1996.

Applegate, W. B., J. W. Runyan, Jr., L. Brasfield, M. L. Williams, C. Konigsberg, and C. Fouche. Analysis of the 1980 Heat Wave in Memphis. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 29, 337-42, 1981.

Atherholt, T. B., M. W. LeChevallier, W. D. Norton, and J. S. Rosen. Effect of Rainfall on Giardia and Crypto. Journal of the American Water Works Association, 90(9), 66-80, 1998.

Baden, D. G., L. E. Glemming, and J. A. Bean. Marine Toxins. Handbook of Clinical Neurology, Intoxications of the Nervous System: Part II, edited by F. de Wolf, Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, 141-75, 1996.

Bennett, J. V., S. D. Homberg, M. F. Rogers, and S. L. Soloman. Infectious and Parasitic Diseases. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 55, 102-14, 1987.

Beneson, A. S. Control of Communicable Diseases Manual, 16th Edition. American Public Health Association, Washington DC, 577, 1995.

Buechley, R. W., J. V. Bruggen, and L. E. Truppi. Heat Island = Death Island? Environmental Research, 5, 85-92, 1972.

Childs, J. E., B. S. Schwartz, T. G. Ksiazek, R. R. Graham, J. W. LeDuc, and G. E. Glass. Risk Factors Associated with Antibodies to Leptospires in Inner-City Residents of Baltimore: A Protective Role for Cats. American Journal of Public Health, 82(4), 597-9, 1992.

Clarke, J. F. Some Effects of the Urban Structure on Heat Mortality. Environmental Research, 5, 93-104, 1972.

Colwell, R. R. and J. A. Patz. Climate, Infectious Disease and Health: An Interdisciplinary Perspective. American Academy of Microbiology, Washington, DC, pp. 24, 1998.

Coye, M. J. and M. Goldoft. Microbiological Contamination of the Ocean, and Human Health. New Jersey Medicine, 86(7), 533-538, 1989.

Craun, G. F. Waterborne Disease in the United States. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, pp. 295, 1998.

Davies, C. J. and J. Mazurek. Pollution Control in the United States: Evaluating the system. Resources for the Future Washington, DC, pp. 366, 1998.

Day, J. C. Population Projections of the United States by Age, Sex, Race and Hispanic Oigin: 1995-2050. Current population reports provided by the US Bureau of the Census, US Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1996.

Demers, R. Y., A. Thiermann, P. Demers, and R. Frank. Exposure to Leptospira Icterohaemorrhagiae in Inner-City and Suburban Children: A Serologic Comparison. Journal of Family Practice, 17(6), 1007-11, 1983.

Di Maio, D. J. and V. J. M. Di Maio. The Effects of Heat and Cold: Hyperthermia and Hypothermia, Forensic Pathology. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, pp. 503, 1993.

Drabek, T. E. The Social Dimensions of Disaster. Federal Emergency Management Agency (Emergency Management Institute), Emmitsburg, Maryland, pp. 619, 1996.

Emerging Infections: Microbial Threats to Health in the United States. Institute of Medicine, Washington, DC, 1992.

Engelthaler, D. M., et al. Climatic and Environmental Patterns Associated with Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome, Four Corners Region, United States. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 5(1), 87-94, 1999.

FoodNet. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 1999c.

(http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dbmd/foodnet/98surv.htm)

Frost, F. J., G. F. Craun, and R. L. Calderon. Waterborne Disease Surveillance. Journal of the American Water Works Association, 88(9), 66-75, 1996.

Gerba, C. P., J. B. Rose, and C. N Haas. Sensitive Populations: Who Is At the Greatest Risk? International Journal of Food Microbiology, 30(1-2), 113-23, 1996.

Gill, J., L. M. Stark, and G. C. Clark. Dengue Surveillance in Florida, 1997-1998. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 6(1), in press, 2000.

Gilles, H. M. Epidemiology of Malaria. Bruce-Chwatt's Essential Malariology, edited by H. M. Gilles and D. A. Warrell, Edward Arnold Division of Hodder & Stoughton, London, England, 124-63, 1993.

Glickman, T. S. and E. D. Silverman. Acts of God and Acts of Man. Resources for the Future, CRM 92-02, Washington, DC, 1992.

Gorjanc, M. L., W. D. Flanders, J. VanDerslice, J. Hersh, and J. Malilay. Effects of Temperature and Snowfall on Mortality in Pennsylvania. American Journal of Epidemiology, 149, 1152-60, 1999.

Gubler, D. J. Resurgent Vector-Borne Diseases as a Global Health Problem. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 4(3), 442-50, 1998.

Harvell, C. D., et al. Emerging Marine Diseases--Climate Links and Anthropogenic Factors. Science, 285(5433), 1505-1510, 1999.

Health Commissioner Releases E. Coli Outbreak Report. New York Department of Health, March 31 2000.

(http://www.health.state.ny.us/nysdoh/commish/2000/ecoli.htm)

Health, United States, 1998 With Socioeconomic Status and Health Chartbook. National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), US Department of Health and Human Services, Hyattsville, Maryland, pp. 465, 1998.

Heat-Related Deaths -- United States, 1993. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 42, 558-560, 1993.

Heat-Related Mortality -- Chicago, July 1995. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 44, 577-579, 1995.

HIV/AIDS Surveillance Report, December 1998. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, 10 December 1998.

Hobbs, F. B. and B. L. Damon. 65+ In the United States. Bureau of the Census, US Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1998.

Hoxie, N. J., J. P. Davis, J. M. Vergeront, R. D. Nashold, and K. A. Blair. Cryptosporidiosis-Associated Mortality Following a Massive Waterborne Outbreak in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, American Journal of Public Health, 87(12), 2032-35, 1997.

Hurricane Andrew: South Florida and Louisiana, August 23-26, 1992, Natural Disaster Survey Report, US Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Weather Service, Silver Spring, Maryland, 1993.

Johnston, J. M., S. F. Becker, and L. M. McFarland. Vibrio Vulnificus, Man and the Sea. JAMA, 253(19), 2850-2853, 1985.

Jones, T. S., A. P. Liang, E. M. Kilbourne, M. R. Griffin, P. A. Patriarca, S. G. Fite-Wassilak, R. J. Mullan, R. F. Herrick, H. D. Donnell, C. Keewhan, et al. et al. Morbidity and Mortality Associated With the July 1980 Heat Wave in St. Louis and Kansas City, Missouri. JAMA, 247, 3327-3331, 1982.

Kalkstein, L. S. and J. S. Greene. An Evaluation of Climate/Mortality Relationships in Large US Cities and the Possible Impacts of Climate Change. Environmental Health Perspectives, 105(1), 84-93, 1997.

Kalkstein, L. S. and K. E. Smoyer. The Impact of Climate Change on Human Health: Some International Implications. Experientia, 49(11), 969-79, 1993.

Kenzie, W. R., et al. A Massive Outbreak in Milwaukee of Cryptosporidium Infection Transmitted Through the Public Water Supply. New England Journal of Medicine, 331(3), 161-167, 1994.

Kilbourne, E. M., K. Choi, T. S. Jones, S. B. Thacker, and F. I. Team. Risk Factors for Heat Stroke: A Case-Control Study. JAMA, 247, 3332-3336, 1982.

Ko, A. I., M. Galvao Reis, C. M. Ribeiro Dourado, WD, Jr., Johnson, and L . W. Riley. Urban Epidemic of Severe Leptospirosis in Brazil. Salvador Leptospirosis Study Group, Lancet, 354(9181), 820-825, 1999.

Lambert, W. E., J. M. Samet, and D. W. Dockery. Community Air Pollution. Environmental and Occupational Medicine, edited by W. N. Rome, pp. 1501-1522, Lippincott-Raven, Philadelpia, Pennsylvania, 1998.

Lanciotti, R. S., et al. Origin of the West Nile Virus Responsible for an Outbreak of Encephalitis in the Northeastern United States. Science, 286(5448), 2333-2337, 1999.

Landrigan, P. J., W. Suk, and R. W. Amler. Chemical Wastes, Children's Health, and the Superfund Basic Research Program. Environmental Health Perspectives, 107(6), 423-7, 1999.

Lipp, E. K. and J. B. Rose The Role of Seafood in Foodborne Diseases in the United States of America. Revue Scientifique Et Technique, 16, 620-40, 1997.

Logue J. N., H. Hansen, and E. Struening. Emotional and Physical Distress Following Hurricane Agnes in Wyoming Valley of Pennsylvania. Public Health Report, 94, 495-502, 1979.

Marzuk, P. M., K. Tardiff, A. C. Leon, C. S. Hirsch, L. Portera, M. I. Iqbal, M. K. Nock, and N. Hartwell. Ambient Temperature and Mortality From Unintentional Cocaine Overdose, JAMA, 279(22), 1795-800, 1998.

McMichael, A. J., A. Haines, R. Sloof, and S. Kovats. Climate Change and Human Health. World Health Organization, Geneva, 297, 1996.

Mead, P. S., L. Slutsker, V. Dietz, L. F. McCaig, J. S. Bresee, C. Shapiro, P. M. Griffen, and R. V. Tauxe. Food-Related Illness and Death in the United States. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 5(5), 607-25, 1999.

Monath, T. P. Epidemiology. St. Louis Encephalitis. Edited by T. P. Monath, American Public Health Association, Washington, DC, 1980.

National Air Pollutant Emission Trends Update: 1970-1996. United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), Washington, DC, 1997a.

National Mitigation Strategy: Partnerships for Building Safer Communities. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), 1996.

(http://www.fema.gov/mit/ntmstrat.htm)

Outbreak of Escherichia Coli O157:H7 and Campylobacter Among Attendees of the Washington County Fair - New York, 1999. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 48(36), 803, 1999a.

National Primary Drinking Water Regulations: Interim Enhanced Surface Water Treatment; Final Rule. United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), Washington, DC, 1998b.

Noji, E. K. The Nature of Disaster: General Characteristics and Public Health Effects. The Public Health Consequences of Disasters, edited by E. K. Noji, pp. 3-20, Oxford University Press, New York, 1997.

Norris, F. H., J. L. Perilla, J. K. Riad, K. Kaniasty, and E. Lavizzo. Stability and Change in Stress, Resources, and Psychological Distress Following Natural Disaster: Findings From a Longtitudinal Study of Hurricane Andrew. Anxiety, Stress and Coping, 12, 363-96, 1999.

Parmenter R. R., E. P. Yadav, C. A. Parmenter, P. Ettestad, K. L. Gage. Incidence of Plague Associated With Increased Winter-Spring Precipitation in New Mexico. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 61, 814-21, 1999.

Patz, J. A., M. A. McGeehin, S. M. Bernard, K. L. Ebi, P. R. Epstein, A. Grambsch, D. J. Gubler, P. Reiter, I Romieu, J. B. Rose, J. M. Samet, and J. Trtanj. The Potential Health Impacts of Climate Variability and Change in the United States: Executive Summary of the Report of the Health Sector of the U.S. National Assessment. Environmental Health Perspectives, 108(4), 367-376, 2000.

Philip, C. B. and L. E. Rozeboom. Medico-Veterinary Entomology: A Generation of Progress. History of Entomology, edited by R. F. Smith, T. E. Mittler, and C. N. Smith, Annual Reviews, Inc., Palo Alto, California, 1973.

Pinner, R. W., S. M. Teutsch, L. Simonsen, L. A. Klug, J. M. Graber, M. J. Clarke, and R. L. Berkelman. Trends in Infectious Diseases Mortality in the United States. JAMA, 275(3), 189-93, 1996.

PulseNet. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 1999b.

(http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dbmd/pulsenet/pulsenet.htm)

Quarantelli, E. L. An Assessment of Conflicting Views on Mental Health: The Consequences of Traumatic Events. Trauma and Its Wake: The Study and Treatment of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Vol. 4 (Figley CR, ed). Brunner/Mazel, New York, 173-215, 1985.

Ramlow, J. M. and L. H. Kuller. Effects of the Summer Heat Wave of 1988 on Daily Mortality in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania. Public Health Report, 105, 283-9, 1990.

Reeves, W. C. and W. M. Hammon. Epidemiology of the Arthropod-Borne Viral Encephalitides in Kern County, California, 1943-1952. University of California at Berkeley Public Health Report, 4, 1-257, 1962.

Reiter, P. Global Warming and Mosquito-Borne Disease in USA. Lancet, 348(9027), 622, 1996.

Reiter, P. Global Climate Change and Mosquito-Borne Disease. Encyclopedia of Human Ecology, edited by K. Watt, Academic Press, London, United Kingdom, 1999.

Rethinking the Ozone Problem in Urban and Regional Air Pollution. National Research Council (NRC), National Academy Press, Washington, DC, 1991.

Romieu, I. Epidemiological Studies of the Health Effects Arising From Motor Vehicle Air Pollution. Urban Traffic Pollution, edited by D. Schwela and O. Zali, pp. 10-69, World Health Organization, New York, 1999.

Rose, J. B. and J. Simonds. King County Water Quality Assessment: Assessment of Public Health Impacts Associated with Pathogens and Combined Sewer Overflows. Seattle, Washington, Report for Water and Land Resources Division. Department of Natural Resources, 1998.

Schmaljohn, C. and B. Hjelle. Hantaviruses: A Global Disease Problem. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 3(2), 95-104, 1997.

Schuman, S. H. Patterns of Urban Heat-Wave Deaths and Implications for Prevention: Data from New York and St. Louis During 1966. Environmental Research, 5, 59-75, 1972.

Semenza, J. C. Are Electronic Emergency Department Data Predictive of Heat-Related Mortality? Journal of Medical Systems, 23(5), 419-424, 1999.

Semenza, J. C., J. McCullough, D. W. Flanders, M. A. McGeehin, and J. R. Lumpkin. Excess Hospital Admissions During the 1995 Heat Wave in Chicago. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 16, 269-77, 1999.

Semenza, J. C., C. H. Rubin, and K. H. Falter. Heat-Related Deaths During the July 1995 Heat Wave in Chicago. New England Journal of Medicine, 335(2), 84-90, 1996.

Shapiro, R. L., S. Altekruse, and P. M. Griffin. The Role of Gulf Coast Oysters Harvested in Warmer Months in Vibrio Vulnificus Infections in the United States, 1988-1996. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 178(3), 752, 1998.

Spitalnic, S. J., L. Jagminas, and J. Cox. An Association Between Snowfall and ED Presentation of Cardiac Arrest. American Journal of Emergency Medicine, 14(6), 572-3, 1996.

Statistical Abstracts of the United States: 1997 (11th edition). US Bureau of the Census, Washington, DC, 1997b.

Summary of Natural Hazard Deaths for 1991 in the US. National Weather Service, Rockville, Maryland, 1992.

Summary of Natural Hazard Statistics. National Weather Service (NWS), 1999.

(http://www.nws.noaa.gov/om/hazstats.shtml)

Tauxe, R. V. Emerging Foodborne Diseases: An Evolving Public Health Challenge. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 3(4), 425-34, 1997.

Trevejo, R. T., et al. Epidemic Leptospirosis Aassociated with Pulmonary Hemorrhage -- Nicaragua, 1995. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 178(5), 1457-63, 1998.

Water on Tap: A Consumer's Guide to the Nation's Drinking Water. United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), Office of Water, Washington, DC, 1997b.

Watts, D. M., D. S. Burke, B. A. Harrison, R. E. Whitmire, and A. Nisalak. Effect of Temperature on the Vector Efficiency of Aedes Aegypti for Dengue 2 Virus. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 36(1), 143-52, 1987.

Weniger, B. G., M J. Blaser, J. Gedrose, E. C. Lippy, and D. D. Juranek. An Outbreak of Waterborne Giardiasis Associated With Heavy Water Runoff Due to Warm Weather and Volcanic Ashfall. American Journal of Public Health, 73(8), 868-72, 1983.

Whitman, S., G. Good, E. R. Donohgue, N. Benbow, W. Shou, and S. Mou. Mortality in Chicago Attributed to July 1995 Heat Wave. American Journal of Public Health, 87, 9, 1515-8, 1998.

Coastal Areas and Marine Resources Sector -- Human Dimensions

Analytic Documentation of Three Alternate Socioeconomic Projections. NPA Data Services, Inc., 1997-2050, Washington, DC, May 1999.

Bricker, S. B., C. G. Clement, D. E. Pirhall, S. P. Orlando, and D. R. G. Farrlow. National Estuarine Eutrophication Assessment: A Summary of Conditions, Historical Trends, and Future Outlook. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Silver Spring, Maryland, 1999.

Central and Southern Florida Project (C&SF) Comprehensive Review study, Draft Integrated Feasibility Report and Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement. US Army Corps of Engineers, Jacksonville District, Jacksonville, Florida, 1998.

Climate Change 1995: Impacts, Adaptations, and Mitigation of Climate Change: Scientific-Technical Analysis. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom, 1996.

Costanza, R. The Ecological, Economic, and Social Importance of the Oceans. Ecological Economics, 31, 199-213, 1999.

Culliton, T. J. Population: Distribution, Density and Growth. NOAA state of the coast report, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Silver Spring, Maryland, 1998.

(http://state-of-coast.noaa.gov/topics/html/pressure.html)

Frank, K. T., R. I. Perry, and K. F. Drinkwater. Predicted Response of Northwest Atlantic Invertebrate and Fish Stocks to CO₂-Induced Climate Change. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 119, 353-365, 1990.

Good, J. W. Shore Protection Policy and Practices in Oregon: An Evaluation of Implementation Success. Coastal Management, 22, 335-352, 1994.

Gornitz, V. M., R. C. Daniels, T. W. White, and K. R. Birdwell. The Development of a Coastal Risk Assessment Database: Vulnerability to Sea-Level Rise in the US Southeast. Coastal Hazards: Perception, Susceptibility, and Mitigation, edited by C. W. Finkl, Jr., Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue 12, pp. 327-338, 1994.

Harwell, M. A. Science and Environmental Decision Making in South Florida. Ecological Applications, 8(3), 580-590, 1998.

Herbert, P. J., J. D. Jarrell, and M. Mayfield. The Deadliest, Costliest, and Most Intense Hurricanes of This Century (and other frequently requested hurricane facts). NOAA Technical Memorandum NWS TPC-1, National Hurricane Center, 1996.

Houston, J. R. International Tourism and US Beaches. Shore and Beach, 64(3), 27-35, 1996.

Kleypas, J. A., J. W. McManus, and L. A. B. Menez. Environmental Limits to Coral Reef Development: Where Do We Draw the Line? American Zoologist, 39, 146-159, 1999b.

Kronman, M. Market Report: Year in Review. National Fisherman, p. 40, April 1999.

Miller, M. L. and J. Auyong. Coastal Zone Tourism: A Potent Force Affecting Environment and Society. Marine Policy, 15(2), 75-99, 1991.

Natural Resource Valuation: A Report by the Nation's Estuary Program. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), 1997.

Neumann, J. E., G. Yohe, R. Nicholls, and M. Maino. Sea-Level Rise and Global Climate Change: A Review of Impacts to US Coasts. Pew Center on Global Climate, 2000.

(http://www.pewclimate.org/projects/env_sealevel.html)

Pielke, R. A., Jr. and C. W. Landsea. La Nina, El Niño, and Atlantic Hurricane Damages in the United States. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 80(10), pp. 2027-2033, 1999.

Projected Impact of Relative Sea-Level Rise on the National Flood Insurance Program. Report to Congress, Federal Emergency Management Agency, Washington, DC, Federal Insurance Administration, 1991.

Striking a Balance: Improving Stewardship of Marine Areas. National Research Council, National Academy Press, Washington DC, 1997a.

Vitousek, P. M., J. Aber, S. E. Bayley, R. W. Howarth, G. E. Likens, P. A. Matson, D. W. Shindler, W. H. Schlesinger, and G. D. Tilman. Human Alteration of the Global Nitrogen Cycle: Sources and consequences. Ecological Applications, 7(3), 737-750, 1997.

Yohe, G., J. Neumann, P. Marshall, and H. Ameden. The Economic Cost of Greenhouse Induced Sea-Level Rise for Developed Property in the United States. Climatic Change, 32, 387-410, 1996.

Forest Sector -- Human Dimensions

Adams, D. M., R. J. Alig, B. A. McCarl, J. M. Callaway, and S. Winnett. An Analysis of the Impacts of Public Timber Harvest Policies on Private Forest Management in the United States. Forest Science, 42, 343-357, 1996.

Air Quality Criteria for Ozone and Related Photochemical Oxidants. US Environmental Protection Agency, EPA Report No. EAP/600/P-93/004af, Vol. II, US EPA, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 1996.

Alig, R. J. Econometric Analysis of Forest Acreage Trends in the Southeast. Forest Science, 32, 119-134, 1986.

Berz, G. A. Global Warming and the Insurance Industry. Interdisciplinary Science Reviews, 18, 120-125, 1993.

Blatner, K. Special Forest Products Markets in the Pacific Northwest with Global Implications. Special Forest Products - Biodiversity Meets the Marketplace. Edited by N. C. Vance and J. Thomas, US Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC, 1997.

Bruce, J. P., H. Lee, and E. Haites. Climate Change 1995: Economic and Social Dimensions of Climate Change. Contribution of Working Group III to the Second Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom, 1996.

Cordell, H. K., J. C. Bergstrom, L. A. Hartmann, and D. B. K. English. An Analysis of the Outdoor Recreation and Wilderness Situation in the United States: 1989-2040. General Technical Report RM-189, USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, Colorado, 1990.

Cordell, H. K., B. L. McDonald, R. J. Teasley, J. C. Bergstrom, J. Martin, J. Bason, and V. R. Leeworthy. Outdoor Recreation Participation Trends. Outdoor Recreation in American Life: A National Assessment of Demand and Supply Trends, edited by H. K. Cordell, Sagamore Publishing, Champaign, Illinois, 1999.

Fisher, A., et al. Mid-Atlantic Overview. Pennsylvania State University, 2000.

(http://www.essc.psu.edu/mara/results/foundations_report/index.html#report)

Irland, L. C., D. Adams, R. Alig, C. J. Betz, C. Chen, M. Mutchins, B. A. McCarl, K. Skog, and B. W. Sohngen. Assessing Socioeconomic Impacts of Climate Change on US Forests, Wood Product Markets, and Forest Recreation. BioScience, in press, 2001.

Leemans, R., A. van Amstel, C. Battjes, E. Kreileman, and S. Toet. The Land Cover and Carbon Cycle and Consequences of Large-Scale Utilization of Biomass as an Energy Source. Global Environmental Change, 6, 335-357, 1996.

Loomis, J. and J. Crespi. Estimated Effects of Climate Change on Selected Outdoor Recreation Activities in the United States. The Impact of Climate Change on the United States Economy, edited by R. Mendelsohn and J. E. Neumann, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England, 1999.

Lugo, A. E. Effects and Outcomes of Hurricanes in a Climate Change Scenario. The Science of the Total Environment, 262, 243-252, 2000.

Matthews, E. and A. Hammond. Critical Consumption Trends and Implications. World Resources Institute, Washington, DC, 1999.

Mendelsohn, R. and M. Mackowiki. The Impact of Climate Change on Outdoor Recreation. The Impact of Climate Change on the United States Economy, edited by R. Mendelsohn and J. E. Neumann, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England, 1999.

Musselman, R. C. and W. J. Massman. Ozone Flux to Vegetation and its Relationship to Plant Response and Ambient Air Quality Standards. Atmospheric Environment, 33, 65-73, 1999.

Perez-Garcia, J., L. A. Joyce, A. D. McGuire, and C. S. Binkley. Economic Impact of Climatic Change on the Global Forest Sector. Economics of Carbon Sequestration in Forestry, edited by R. A. Sedjo, R. N. Sampson, and J. Wisniewski, Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, Florida, 1997.

Sohngen, R. and R. Mendelsohn. Valuing the Impact of Large-Scale Ecological Change in a Market: The Effect of Climate-Change on US Timber. American Economic Review, 88, 686-710, 1998.

Torn, M. S., E. Mills, and J. S. Fried. Will Climate Change Spark More Wildfire Damages? LBNL Report No. LBNL-42592, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, California, 1999.

Vitousek, P. M., J. D. Aber, R. W. Howarth, G. E. Likens, P. A. Matson, D. W. Schindler, W. H. Schlesinger, and D. G. Tilman. Human Alteration of the Global Nitrogen Cycle: Sources and Consequences. Ecological Applications, 7, 737-750, 1997.

Wall, G. Implications of Global Climate Change for Tourism and Recreation in Wetland Areas. Climatic Change, 40, 371-389, 1998.

Watson, R. T., M. C. Zinyowera, and R. H. Moss, (Eds.). Climate Change 1995. Impacts, Adaptations, and Mitigation of Climate Change: Scientific-Technical Analyses. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom, 1996.

Watson, R. T., M. C. Zinyowera, R. H. Moss, (Eds.). The Regional Impacts of Climate Change: An Assessment of Vulnerability. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, New York, 1998.